Source: mst.gov.vn

Since July 1, 2025, specialised intellectual property courts have been operating within the Regional People's Court No. 2 of Hanoi and the Regional People's Court No. 1 of Ho Chi Minh City, a reform presented as part of judicial modernisation and international integration. Chief Judge Hoang Ngoc Thanh said the specialised model shortens case-processing time, improves judgment quality, increases consistency and predictability in law application, and strengthens protection of creative and property rights; Hanoi's specialised court has accepted 27 civil and commercial IP cases (mainly copyright-related), with five resolved and the rest pending. Enforcement activity reported under the Prime Minister's Official dispatch No. 38 showed market surveillance authorities handled 1,520 IP-related violations (a 370.6% year-on-year increase) and removed over 9,130 infringing products while blocking more than 2,000 online storefronts.

Judges and experts described major challenges in adjudicating online infringements: Judge Hoang Nghia Hai noted that violations have shifted online and offenders exploit anonymous accounts, overseas servers, VPNs, AI and intermediary systems to conceal identities and erase traces. Courts face difficulty collecting, verifying and assessing electronic evidence because digital data can be altered or removed quickly and evidence collection often depends on cooperation from cross-border digital platforms, causing delays or incomplete information. Officials urged stronger early-stage evidence-preservation mechanisms, standardised procedures and definitions for electronic evidence, more specialised digital-forensics expertise, and a dedicated legal and technical framework covering deleted-data recovery, cloud platforms and social media; Tang Duc Khuong suggested considering a new comprehensive IP law to address emerging digital-era challenges.