Source: Mondaq

Indonesia currently lacks a comprehensive central regulation for artificial intelligence and instead relies mainly on non-binding ethical guidelines. The principal instrument setting out business-facing principles is Ministry of Communication and Information (MOCI) Circular Letter 9/2023 on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, which lists core principles including inclusivity, humanity, privacy and personal data security, accessibility, transparency, credibility and accountability, personal data protection, sustainable environmental development, and intellectual property protection. The Financial Services Authority (OJK) has issued an Ethical Guideline on the Responsibility and Reliability of AI targeted at fintech firms to promote responsible use and risk mitigation, while the Press Council released Press Council Regulation 1/2025 on AI use in journalism that applies only to Indonesian media companies because the Press Council is not a government agency.

No dedicated national AI regulator exists; regulatory responsibility depends on sectoral competence, with technology-sector AI companies generally supervised by the Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs (MOCDA), formerly MOCI, and other sectors overseen by their respective regulators (examples cited include banks under OJK and fintech under Bank Indonesia). Regulators typically have discretionary sanctioning power, commonly starting with warning letters and escalating penalties if non-compliance persists. The legal landscape remains guideline-driven rather than statutory, with MOCDA indicating draft AI regulations are being developed with stakeholder input and targeted for completion in the third quarter of 2025. Businesses are therefore expected to follow MOCI CL 9/2023 for key responsibilities while awaiting formal regulation; the vice minister described the drafting approach as built on three pillars—policy, people, and platform. The article is authored by SSEK contributors and presented as a general guide, recommending specialist advice for specific circumstances.